Charts

all models open weights Running maximum of training compute by publication date. Accessibility is Epoch's classification; models with no accessibility recorded are counted in the overall line and not in the open-weight one. Notable AI Models Epoch AI Licence CC-BY-4.0 Updated weekly Retrieved 2026-10-28, today Inclusion is editorial ("notability criteria"), not exhaustive. Compute figures are frequently estimates; check the per-row confidence and notes columns before treating any value as measured. Cite Epoch AI, "Notable AI Models". https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Retrieved 28 October 2026 via AI Safety Tracker, https://aisafetytracker.org/charts/. Notable AI Models Epoch AI Licence CC-BY-4.0 Updated weekly Retrieved 2026-10-28, today Inclusion is editorial ("notability criteria"), not exhaustive. Compute figures are frequently estimates; check the per-row confidence and notes columns before treating any value as measured. Cite Epoch AI, "Notable AI Models". https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models. Retrieved 28 October 2026 via AI Safety Tracker, https://aisafetytracker.org/charts/.

Both lines are running maxima, so a flat stretch means no larger run has been reported, not that anything got smaller. Compute figures are frequently estimates and arrive late, so the right-hand end of the overall line is a lower bound.

Page: Capability

The largest AI sites Epoch has found, mostly in the United States. Epoch estimated in September 2026 that they hold 44% of the world's deployed AI compute, with a 90% interval of 23% to 81%. Power, compute and cost are Epoch's estimates from satellite imagery, permits and company statements; four in five IT power estimates fall within a factor of 1.4 of the true value. The owner is the owner of the chips, not necessarily of the building. Capacity after the date of retrieval is Epoch's projection. Coordinates are read from the hub's map page, which publishes them; the downloads do not. IT power is the power available to the computing equipment; facility power adds cooling and other overheads.

Page: Datacentres

IT power of the AI datacentres in Epoch AI's hub by country, planned at each site's last stage and operating now, largest planned first. The hub holds 14.2 GW operating and 38.2 GW planned.

Country	Planned	Operating now	Relative magnitude
United States 77 sites	33.1 GW	12 GW
China 5 sites	2.1 GW	731 MW
Malaysia 3 sites	1.1 GW	1.1 GW
United Arab Emirates 1 site	1 GW	0 MW
Portugal 1 site	233 MW	33 MW
Finland 1 site	145 MW	75 MW
Norway 2 sites	134 MW	42 MW
United Kingdom 1 site	88 MW	88 MW
Indonesia 1 site	72 MW	72 MW
Sweden 1 site	48 MW	0 MW
Show the remaining 2 IT power of the AI datacentres in Epoch AI's hub by country, planned at each site's last stage and operating now, largest planned first. The hub holds 14.2 GW operating and 38.2 GW planned. Rows 11 to 12. Australia 1 site 41 MW 41 MW Iceland 1 site 10.2 MW 5.1 MW

Share of world datacentre electricity in 2024 by region as the IEA states it, and the terawatt hours that share comes to.

Region	Share of world	TWh, computed
United States	45%	187
China	25%	104
Europe	15%	62
Rest of the world	15%	62

Power is the capacity a datacentre can draw and electricity is the energy it used, so the tables cannot be converted into each other: neither source states how fully the capacity is used. The hub holds 95 sites and is not a census of datacentres. Europe is the IEA's region and not the European Union. The rest of the world is the remainder after the three regions the IEA names, and includes Japan, for which it gives no share. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory states 192 TWh for the United States in 2024, 46% of the IEA's world total. Environmental Disclosure Index This site Licence MIT Updated quarterly Retrieved 2026-10-23, 5 days ago Data 7 datasets Our own reading of what frontier developers and the operators of their data centres have published about training energy, emissions, power sources and energy per prompt, with permits and press reporting marked separately from company statements. Most cells record an absence. Company figures are self-reported and mostly unaudited, and market-based emissions reflect contracts rather than the grid at the hour of use. Cite AI Safety Tracker, "Environmental Disclosure Index". https://aisafetytracker.org/environment/. Retrieved 23 October 2026. AI Data Centers Epoch AI Licence CC-BY-4.0 Updated several times a week Retrieved 2026-10-23, 5 days ago The largest AI sites Epoch has found, mostly in the United States. Epoch estimated in September 2026 that they hold 44% of the world's deployed AI compute, with a 90% interval of 23% to 81%. Power, compute and cost are Epoch's estimates from satellite imagery, permits and company statements; four in five IT power estimates fall within a factor of 1.4 of the true value. The owner is the owner of the chips, not necessarily of the building. Capacity after the date of retrieval is Epoch's projection. Coordinates are read from the hub's map page, which publishes them; the downloads do not. Cite Epoch AI, "AI Data Centers". https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers. Retrieved 23 October 2026 via AI Safety Tracker, https://aisafetytracker.org/charts/.

Page: Environment

Counts are a keyword match on title and abstract, not a field classification. The exact query for each series is listed on the page. OpenAlex OurResearch Licence CC0-1.0 Updated continuous Retrieved 2026-10-28, today An open index of scholarly works. Counts here are matches on a stated search phrase in title or abstract, not a curated field classification: a paper that studies alignment without using the phrase is missed, and one that mentions it in passing is counted. The exact query behind every number is printed with it. Recent years undercount because indexing lags publication, and the current year is always partial. Cite OurResearch, "OpenAlex". https://openalex.org. Retrieved 28 October 2026 via AI Safety Tracker, https://aisafetytracker.org/charts/.

Counts are keyword matches on title and abstract, not a field classification; each query is printed on the page. The dashed line marks 2026, which is incomplete.

Page: Alignment

Google Other companies, by shade Dashed: API or platform only Hollow: average over a year Each point is a statement by the company. Per-minute and per-day rates converted to a month by this site. AI Usage Disclosure Index This site Licence MIT Updated quarterly Retrieved 2026-10-23, 5 days ago Data 3 datasets Our own compilation of the token volumes, user counts and shares of use that companies and studies have put on the record, each linked to where it was stated. Scopes, units and token definitions differ between companies, so no two figures are comparable without the scope printed beside each. Figures known only through press reporting are marked as such. Not a market share estimate, and not a measure of any company's actual volume beyond what it chose to state. Cite AI Safety Tracker, "AI Usage Disclosure Index". https://aisafetytracker.org/usage/. Retrieved 23 October 2026.

No two series count the same thing, and each company uses its own tokeniser. A line joins only one company's figures for one scope.

Page: Usage